SUBCHAPTER I—EDUCATION SCIENCES REFORM
§9501. Definitions
In this subchapter:
(1)(A) In general
The terms "elementary school", "secondary school", "local educational agency", and "State educational agency" have the meanings given those terms in
(B) Outlying areas
The term "outlying areas" has the meaning given such term in
(C) Freely associated states
The term "freely associated states" means the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Republic of Palau.
(2) Applied research
The term "applied research" means research—
(A) to gain knowledge or understanding necessary for determining the means by which a recognized and specific need may be met; and
(B) that is specifically directed to the advancement of practice in the field of education.
(3) Basic research
The term "basic research" means research—
(A) to gain fundamental knowledge or understanding of phenomena and observable facts, without specific application toward processes or products; and
(B) for the advancement of knowledge in the field of education.
(4) Board
The term "Board" means the National Board for Education Sciences established under
(5) Bureau
The term "Bureau" means the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
(6) Comprehensive center
The term "comprehensive center" means an entity established under
(7) Department
The term "Department" means the Department of Education.
(8) Development
The term "development" means the systematic use of knowledge or understanding gained from the findings of scientifically valid research and the shaping of that knowledge or understanding into products or processes that can be applied and evaluated and may prove useful in areas such as the preparation of materials and new methods of instruction and practices in teaching, that lead to the improvement of the academic skills of students, and that are replicable in different educational settings.
(9) Director
The term "Director" means the Director of the Institute of Education Sciences.
(10) Dissemination
The term "dissemination" means the communication and transfer of the results of scientifically valid research, statistics, and evaluations, in forms that are understandable, easily accessible, and usable, or adaptable for use in, the improvement of educational practice by teachers, administrators, librarians, other practitioners, researchers, parents, policymakers, and the public, through technical assistance, publications, electronic transfer, and other means.
(11) Early childhood educator
The term "early childhood educator" means a person providing, or employed by a provider of, nonresidential child care services (including center-based, family-based, and in-home child care services) that is legally operating under State law, and that complies with applicable State and local requirements for the provision of child care services to children at any age from birth through the age at which a child may start kindergarten in that State.
(12) Field-initiated research
The term "field-initiated research" means basic research or applied research in which specific questions and methods of study are generated by investigators (including teachers and other practitioners) and that conforms to standards of scientifically valid research.
(13) Historically Black college or university
The term "historically Black college or university" means a part B institution as defined in
(14) Institute
The term "Institute" means the Institute of Education Sciences established under
(15) Institution of higher education
The term "institution of higher education" has the meaning given that term in
(16) National research and development center
The term "national research and development center" means a research and development center supported under
(17) Provider of early childhood services
The term "provider of early childhood services" means a public or private entity that serves young children, including—
(A) child care providers;
(B) Head Start agencies operating Head Start programs, and entities carrying out Early Head Start programs, under the Head Start Act (
(C) preschools;
(D) kindergartens; and
(E) libraries.
(18) Scientifically based research standards
(A) The term "scientifically based research standards" means research standards that—
(i) apply rigorous, systematic, and objective methodology to obtain reliable and valid knowledge relevant to education activities and programs; and
(ii) present findings and make claims that are appropriate to and supported by the methods that have been employed.
(B) The term includes, appropriate to the research being conducted—
(i) employing systematic, empirical methods that draw on observation or experiment;
(ii) involving data analyses that are adequate to support the general findings;
(iii) relying on measurements or observational methods that provide reliable data;
(iv) making claims of causal relationships only in random assignment experiments or other designs (to the extent such designs substantially eliminate plausible competing explanations for the obtained results);
(v) ensuring that studies and methods are presented in sufficient detail and clarity to allow for replication or, at a minimum, to offer the opportunity to build systematically on the findings of the research;
(vi) obtaining acceptance by a peer-reviewed journal or approval by a panel of independent experts through a comparably rigorous, objective, and scientific review; and
(vii) using research designs and methods appropriate to the research question posed.
(19) Scientifically valid education evaluation
The term "scientifically valid education evaluation" means an evaluation that—
(A) adheres to the highest possible standards of quality with respect to research design and statistical analysis;
(B) provides an adequate description of the programs evaluated and, to the extent possible, examines the relationship between program implementation and program impacts;
(C) provides an analysis of the results achieved by the program with respect to its projected effects;
(D) employs experimental designs using random assignment, when feasible, and other research methodologies that allow for the strongest possible causal inferences when random assignment is not feasible; and
(E) may study program implementation through a combination of scientifically valid and reliable methods.
(20) Scientifically valid research
The term "scientifically valid research" includes applied research, basic research, and field-initiated research in which the rationale, design, and interpretation are soundly developed in accordance with scientifically based research standards.
(21) Secretary
The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Education.
(22) State
The term "State" includes (except as provided in
(23) Technical assistance
The term "technical assistance" means—
(A) assistance in identifying, selecting, or designing solutions based on research, including professional development and high-quality training to implement solutions leading to—
(i) improved educational and other practices and classroom instruction based on scientifically valid research; and
(ii) improved planning, design, and administration of programs;
(B) assistance in interpreting, analyzing, and utilizing statistics and evaluations; and
(C) other assistance necessary to encourage the improvement of teaching and learning through the applications of techniques supported by scientifically valid research.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The Head Start Act, referred to in par. (17)(B), is subchapter B (§§635–657) of
Amendments
2015—Par. (1).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2015 Amendment
Amendment by
Short Title
Orderly Transition
Part A—The Institute of Education Sciences
§9511. Establishment
(a) Establishment
There shall be in the Department the Institute of Education Sciences, to be administered by a Director (as described in
(b) Mission
(1) In general
The mission of the Institute is to provide national leadership in expanding fundamental knowledge and understanding of education from early childhood through postsecondary study, in order to provide parents, educators, students, researchers, policymakers, and the general public with reliable information about—
(A) the condition and progress of education in the United States, including early childhood education and special education;
(B) educational practices that support learning and improve academic achievement and access to educational opportunities for all students; and
(C) the effectiveness of Federal and other education programs.
(2) Carrying out mission
In carrying out the mission described in paragraph (1), the Institute shall compile statistics, develop products, and conduct research, evaluations, and wide dissemination activities in areas of demonstrated national need (including in technology areas) that are supported by Federal funds appropriated to the Institute and ensure that such activities—
(A) conform to high standards of quality, integrity, and accuracy; and
(B) are objective, secular, neutral, and nonideological and are free of partisan political influence and racial, cultural, gender, or regional bias.
(c) Organization
The Institute shall consist of the following:
(1) The Office of the Director (as described in
(2) The National Board for Education Sciences (as described in
(3) The National Education Centers, which include—
(A) the National Center for Education Research (as described in part B);
(B) the National Center for Education Statistics (as described in part C);
(C) the National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance (as described in part D); and
(D) the National Center for Special Education Research (as described in part E).
(
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2004—Subsec. (b)(1)(A).
Subsec. (c)(3)(D).
§9512. Functions
From funds appropriated under
(1) conduct and support scientifically valid research activities, including basic research and applied research, statistics activities, scientifically valid education evaluation, development, and wide dissemination;
(2) widely disseminate the findings and results of scientifically valid research in education;
(3) promote the use, development, and application of knowledge gained from scientifically valid research activities;
(4) strengthen the national capacity to conduct, develop, and widely disseminate scientifically valid research in education;
(5) promote the coordination, development, and dissemination of scientifically valid research in education within the Department and the Federal Government; and
(6) promote the use and application of research and development to improve practice in the classroom.
(
§9513. Delegation
(a) Delegation of authority
Notwithstanding
(1) nothing in this subchapter or in subchapter III of this chapter (except
(2) members of the National Assessment Governing Board shall continue to be appointed by the Secretary;
(3)
(4)
(5)
(b) Other activities
The Secretary may assign the Institute responsibility for administering other activities, if those activities are consistent with—
(1) the Institute's priorities, as approved by the National Board for Education Sciences under
(2) the Institute's mission, but only if those activities do not divert the Institute from its priorities.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The National Education Statistics Act of 1994, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is title IV of
This Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(3), means
§9514. Office of the Director
(a) Appointment
Except as provided in subsection (b)(2), the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint the Director of the Institute.
(b) Term
(1) In general
The Director shall serve for a term of 6 years, beginning on the date of appointment of the Director.
(2) First Director
The President, without the advice and consent of the Senate, may appoint the Assistant Secretary for the Office of Educational Research and Improvement (as such office existed on the day before November 5, 2002) to serve as the first Director of the Institute.
(3) Subsequent Directors
The Board may make recommendations to the President with respect to the appointment of a Director under subsection (a), other than a Director appointed under paragraph (2).
(c) Pay
The Director shall receive the rate of basic pay for level II of the Executive Schedule.
(d) Qualifications
The Director shall be selected from individuals who are highly qualified authorities in the fields of scientifically valid research, statistics, or evaluation in education, as well as management within such areas, and have a demonstrated capacity for sustained productivity and leadership in these areas.
(e) Administration
The Director shall—
(1) administer, oversee, and coordinate the activities carried out under the Institute, including the activities of the National Education Centers; and
(2) coordinate and approve budgets and operating plans for each of the National Education Centers for submission to the Secretary.
(f) Duties
The duties of the Director shall include the following:
(1) To propose to the Board priorities for the Institute, in accordance with
(2) To ensure the methodology applied in conducting research, development, evaluation, and statistical analysis is consistent with the standards for such activities under this subchapter.
(3) To coordinate education research and related activities carried out by the Institute with such research and activities carried out by other agencies within the Department and the Federal Government.
(4) To advise the Secretary on research, evaluation, and statistics activities relevant to the activities of the Department.
(5) To establish necessary procedures for technical and scientific peer review of the activities of the Institute, consistent with
(6) To ensure that all participants in research conducted or supported by the Institute are afforded their privacy rights and other relevant protections as research subjects, in accordance with
(7) To ensure that activities conducted or supported by the Institute are objective, secular, neutral, and nonideological and are free of partisan political influence and racial, cultural, gender, or regional bias.
(8) To undertake initiatives and programs to increase the participation of researchers and institutions that have been historically underutilized in Federal education research activities of the Institute, including historically Black colleges or universities or other institutions of higher education with large numbers of minority students.
(9) To coordinate with the Secretary to promote and provide for the coordination of research and development activities and technical assistance activities between the Institute and comprehensive centers.
(10) To solicit and consider the recommendations of education stakeholders, in order to ensure that there is broad and regular public and professional input from the educational field in the planning and carrying out of the Institute's activities.
(11) To coordinate the wide dissemination of information on scientifically valid research.
(12) To carry out and support other activities consistent with the priorities and mission of the Institute.
(g) Expert guidance and assistance
The Director may establish technical and scientific peer-review groups and scientific program advisory committees for research and evaluations that the Director determines are necessary to carry out the requirements of this subchapter. The Director shall appoint such personnel, except that officers and employees of the United States shall comprise no more than ¼ of the members of any such group or committee and shall not receive additional compensation for their service as members of such a group or committee. The Director shall ensure that reviewers are highly qualified and capable to appraise education research and development projects.
(h) Review
The Director may, when requested by other officers of the Department, and shall, when directed by the Secretary, review the products and publications of other offices of the Department to certify that evidence-based claims about those products and publications are scientifically valid.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
Level II of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (c), is set out in
Amendments
2022—Subsec. (g).
§9515. Priorities
(a) Proposal
The Director shall propose to the Board priorities for the Institute (taking into consideration long-term research and development on core issues conducted through the national research and development centers). The Director shall identify topics that may require long-term research and topics that are focused on understanding and solving particular education problems and issues, including those associated with the goals and requirements of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (
(1) closing the achievement gap between high-performing and low-performing children, especially achievement gaps between minority and nonminority children and between disadvantaged children and such children's more advantaged peers; and
(2) ensuring—
(A) that all children have the ability to obtain a high-quality education (from early childhood through postsecondary education) and reach, at a minimum, proficiency on challenging State academic achievement standards and State academic assessments, particularly in mathematics, science, and reading or language arts;
(B) access to, and opportunities for, postsecondary education; and
(C) the efficacy, impact on academic achievement, and cost-effectiveness of technology use within the Nation's schools.
(b) Approval
The Board shall approve or disapprove the priorities for the Institute proposed by the Director, including any necessary revision of those priorities. The Board shall transmit any priorities so approved to the appropriate congressional committees.
(c) Consistency
The Board shall ensure that priorities of the Institute and the National Education Centers are consistent with the mission of the Institute.
(d) Public availability and comment
(1) Priorities
Before submitting to the Board proposed priorities for the Institute, the Director shall make such priorities available to the public for comment for not less than 60 days (including by means of the Internet and through publishing such priorities in the Federal Register). The Director shall provide to the Board a copy of each such comment submitted.
(2) Plan
Upon approval of such priorities, the Director shall make the Institute's plan for addressing such priorities available for public comment in the same manner as under paragraph (1).
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (a), is
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is title VI of
The Higher Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (a), is
Amendments
2004—Subsec. (a).
§9516. National Board for Education Sciences
(a) Establishment
The Institute shall have a board of directors, which shall be known as the National Board for Education Sciences.
(b) Duties
The duties of the Board shall be the following:
(1) To advise and consult with the Director on the policies of the Institute.
(2) To consider and approve priorities proposed by the Director under
(3) To review and approve procedures for technical and scientific peer review of the activities of the Institute.
(4) To advise the Director on the establishment of activities to be supported by the Institute, including the general areas of research to be carried out by the National Center for Education Research.
(5) To present to the Director such recommendations as it may find appropriate for—
(A) the strengthening of education research; and
(B) the funding of the Institute.
(6) To advise the Director on the funding of applications for grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements for research, after the completion of peer review.
(7) To review and regularly evaluate the work of the Institute, to ensure that scientifically valid research, development, evaluation, and statistical analysis are consistent with the standards for such activities under this subchapter.
(8) To advise the Director on ensuring that activities conducted or supported by the Institute are objective, secular, neutral, and nonideological and are free of partisan political influence and racial, cultural, gender, or regional bias.
(9) To solicit advice and information from those in the educational field, particularly practitioners and researchers, to recommend to the Director topics that require long-term, sustained, systematic, programmatic, and integrated research efforts, including knowledge utilization and wide dissemination of research, consistent with the priorities and mission of the Institute.
(10) To advise the Director on opportunities for the participation in, and the advancement of, women, minorities, and persons with disabilities in education research, statistics, and evaluation activities of the Institute.
(11) To recommend to the Director ways to enhance strategic partnerships and collaborative efforts among other Federal and State research agencies.
(12) To recommend to the Director individuals to serve as Commissioners of the National Education Centers.
(c) Composition
(1) Voting members
The Board shall have 15 voting members appointed by the President.
(2) Advice
The President shall solicit advice regarding individuals to serve on the Board from the National Academy of Sciences, the National Science Board, and the National Science Advisor.
(3) Nonvoting ex officio members
The Board shall have the following nonvoting ex officio members:
(A) The Director of the Institute of Education Sciences.
(B) Each of the Commissioners of the National Education Centers.
(C) The Director of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
(D) The Director of the Census.
(E) The Commissioner of Labor Statistics.
(F) The Director of the National Science Foundation.
(4) Appointed membership
(A) Qualifications
Members appointed under paragraph (1) shall be highly qualified to appraise education research, statistics, evaluations, or development, and shall include the following individuals:
(i) Not fewer than 8 researchers in the field of statistics, evaluation, social sciences, or physical and biological sciences, which may include those researchers recommended by the National Academy of Sciences.
(ii) Individuals who are knowledgeable about the educational needs of the United States, who may include school-based professional educators, parents (including parents with experience in promoting parental involvement in education), Chief State School Officers, State postsecondary education executives, presidents of institutions of higher education, local educational agency superintendents, early childhood experts, special education experts, principals, members of State or local boards of education or Bureau-funded school boards, and individuals from business and industry with experience in promoting private sector involvement in education.
(B) Terms
Each member appointed under paragraph (1) shall serve for a term of 4 years, except that—
(i) the terms of the initial members appointed under such paragraph shall (as determined by a random selection process at the time of appointment) be for staggered terms of—
(I) 4 years for each of 5 members;
(II) 3 years for each of 5 members; and
(III) 2 years for each of 5 members; and
(ii) no member appointed under such paragraph shall serve for more than 2 consecutive terms.
(C) Unexpired terms
Any member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring before the expiration of the term for which the member's predecessor was appointed shall be appointed only for the remainder of that term.
(D) Conflict of interest
A voting member of the Board shall be considered a special Government employee for the purposes of
(5) Chair
The Board shall elect a chair from among the members of the Board.
(6) Compensation
Members of the Board shall serve without pay for such service. Members of the Board who are officers or employees of the United States may not receive additional pay, allowances, or benefits by reason of their service on the Board.
(7) Travel expenses
The members of the Board shall receive travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in accordance with subchapter I of
(8) Powers of the Board
(A) Executive Director
The Board shall have an Executive Director who shall be appointed by the Board.
(B) Additional staff
The Board shall utilize such additional staff as may be appointed or assigned by the Director, in consultation with the Chair and the Executive Director.
(C) Detail of personnel
The Board may use the services and facilities of any department or agency of the Federal Government. Upon the request of the Board, the head of any Federal department or agency may detail any of the personnel of that department or agency to the Board to assist the Board in carrying out this Act.
(D) Contracts
The Board may enter into contracts or make other arrangements as may be necessary to carry out its functions.
(E) Information
The Board may, to the extent otherwise permitted by law, obtain directly from any executive department or agency of the Federal Government such information as the Board determines necessary to carry out its functions.
(9) Meetings
The Board shall meet not less than 3 times each year. The Board shall hold additional meetings at the call of the Chair or upon the written request of not less than 6 voting members of the Board. Meetings of the Board are subject to
(10) Quorum
A majority of the voting members of the Board serving at the time of the meeting shall constitute a quorum.
(d) Standing committees
(1) Establishment
The Board may establish standing committees—
(A) that will each serve 1 of the National Education Centers; and
(B) to advise, consult with, and make recommendations to the Director and the Commissioner of the appropriate National Education Center.
(2) Membership
A majority of the members of each standing committee shall be voting members of the Board whose expertise is needed for the functioning of the committee. In addition, the membership of each standing committee may include, as appropriate—
(A) experts and scientists in research, statistics, evaluation, or development who are recognized in their discipline as highly qualified to represent such discipline and who are not members of the Board, but who may have been recommended by the Commissioner of the appropriate National Education Center and approved by the Board;
(B) ex officio members of the Board; and
(C) policymakers and expert practitioners with knowledge of, and experience using, the results of research, evaluation, and statistics who are not members of the Board, but who may have been recommended by the Commissioner of the appropriate National Education Center and approved by the Board.
(3) Duties
Each standing committee shall—
(A) review and comment, at the discretion of the Board or the standing committee, on any grant, contract, or cooperative agreement entered into (or proposed to be entered into) by the applicable National Education Center;
(B) prepare for, and submit to, the Board an annual evaluation of the operations of the applicable National Education Center;
(C) review and comment on the relevant plan for activities to be undertaken by the applicable National Education Center for each fiscal year; and
(D) report periodically to the Board regarding the activities of the committee and the applicable National Education Center.
(e) Annual report
The Board shall submit to the Director, the Secretary, and the appropriate congressional committees, not later than July 1 of each year, a report that assesses the effectiveness of the Institute in carrying out its priorities and mission, especially as such priorities and mission relate to carrying out scientifically valid research, conducting unbiased evaluations, collecting and reporting accurate education statistics, and translating research into practice.
(f) Recommendations
The Board shall submit to the Director, the Secretary, and the appropriate congressional committees a report that includes any recommendations regarding any actions that may be taken to enhance the ability of the Institute to carry out its priorities and mission. The Board shall submit an interim report not later than 3 years after November 5, 2002, and a final report not later than 5 years after such date.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
This Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(8)(C), means
Amendments
2022—Subsec. (c)(4)(D).
2012—Subsec. (c)(1).
2004—Subsec. (c)(4)(A)(ii).
Subsec. (c)(9).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" substituted for "National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" in subsec. (c)(3)(C), on authority of section 1(d) of
Effective Date of 2012 Amendment
Amendment by
§9517. Commissioners of the National Education Centers
(a) Appointment of Commissioners
(1) In general
Except as provided in subsection (b), each of the National Education Centers shall be headed by a Commissioner appointed by the Director. In appointing Commissioners, the Director shall seek to promote continuity in leadership of the National Education Centers and shall consider individuals recommended by the Board. The Director may appoint a Commissioner to carry out the functions of a National Education Center without regard to the provisions of title 5 governing appointments in the competitive service, and the provisions of
(2) Pay and qualifications
Except as provided in subsection (b), each Commissioner shall—
(A) receive the rate of basic pay for level IV of the Executive Schedule; and
(B) be highly qualified in the field of education research or evaluation.
(3) Service
Except as provided in subsection (b), each Commissioner shall report to the Director. A Commissioner shall serve for a period of not more than 6 years, except that a Commissioner—
(A) may be reappointed by the Director; and
(B) may serve after the expiration of that Commissioner's term, until a successor has been appointed, for a period not to exceed 1 additional year.
(b) Appointment of Commissioner for Education Statistics
The National Center for Education Statistics shall be headed by a Commissioner for Education Statistics who shall be appointed by the President and who shall—
(1) have substantial knowledge of programs assisted by the National Center for Education Statistics;
(2) receive the rate of basic pay for level IV of the Executive Schedule; and
(3) serve for a term of 6 years, with the term to expire every sixth June 21, beginning in 2003.
(c) Coordination
Each Commissioner of a National Education Center shall coordinate with each of the other Commissioners of the National Education Centers in carrying out such Commissioner's duties under this subchapter.
(d) Supervision and approval
Each Commissioner, except the Commissioner for Education Statistics, shall carry out such Commissioner's duties under this subchapter under the supervision and subject to the approval of the Director.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
Level IV of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2)(A) and (b)(2), is set out in
Amendments
2012—Subsec. (b).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2012 Amendment
Amendment by
§9518. Agreements
The Institute may carry out research projects of common interest with entities such as the National Science Foundation and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development through agreements with such entities that are in accordance with
(
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" substituted for "National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" in text, on authority of section 1(d) of
§9519. Biennial report
The Director shall, on a biennial basis, transmit to the President, the Board, and the appropriate congressional committees, and make widely available to the public (including by means of the Internet), a report containing the following:
(1) A description of the activities carried out by and through the National Education Centers during the prior fiscal years.
(2) A summary of each grant, contract, and cooperative agreement in excess of $100,000 funded through the National Education Centers during the prior fiscal years, including, at a minimum, the amount, duration, recipient, purpose of the award, and the relationship, if any, to the priorities and mission of the Institute, which shall be available in a user-friendly electronic database.
(3) A description of how the activities of the National Education Centers are consistent with the principles of scientifically valid research and the priorities and mission of the Institute.
(4) Such additional comments, recommendations, and materials as the Director considers appropriate.
(
§9520. Competitive awards
Activities carried out under this Act through grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements, at a minimum, shall be awarded on a competitive basis and, when practicable, through a process of peer review.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
This Act, referred to in text, means
Part B—National Center for Education Research
§9531. Establishment
(a) Establishment
There is established in the Institute a National Center for Education Research (in this part referred to as the "Research Center").
(b) Mission
The mission of the Research Center is—
(1) to sponsor sustained research that will lead to the accumulation of knowledge and understanding of education, to—
(A) ensure that all children have access to a high-quality education;
(B) improve student academic achievement, including through the use of educational technology;
(C) close the achievement gap between high-performing and low-performing students through the improvement of teaching and learning of reading, writing, mathematics, science, and other academic subjects; and
(D) improve access to, and opportunity for, postsecondary education;
(2) to support the synthesis and, as appropriate, the integration of education research;
(3) to promote quality and integrity through the use of accepted practices of scientific inquiry to obtain knowledge and understanding of the validity of education theories, practices, or conditions; and
(4) to promote scientifically valid research findings that can provide the basis for improving academic instruction and lifelong learning.
(
§9532. Commissioner for Education Research
The Research Center shall be headed by a Commissioner for Education Research (in this part referred to as the "Research Commissioner") who shall have substantial knowledge of the activities of the Research Center, including a high level of expertise in the fields of research and research management.
(
§9533. Duties
(a) General duties
The Research Center shall—
(1) maintain published peer-review standards and standards for the conduct and evaluation of all research and development carried out under the auspices of the Research Center in accordance with this part;
(2) propose to the Director a research plan that—
(A) is consistent with the priorities and mission of the Institute and the mission of the Research Center and includes the activities described in paragraph (3); and
(B) shall be carried out pursuant to paragraph (4) and, as appropriate, be updated and modified;
(3) carry out specific, long-term research activities that are consistent with the priorities and mission of the Institute, and are approved by the Director;
(4) implement the plan proposed under paragraph (2) to carry out scientifically valid research that—
(A) uses objective and measurable indicators, including timelines, that are used to assess the progress and results of such research;
(B) meets the procedures for peer review established by the Director under
(C) includes both basic research and applied research, which shall include research conducted through field-initiated research and ongoing research initiatives;
(5) promote the use of scientifically valid research within the Federal Government, including active participation in interagency research projects described in
(6) ensure that research conducted under the direction of the Research Center is relevant to education practice and policy;
(7) synthesize and disseminate, through the National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, the findings and results of education research conducted or supported by the Research Center;
(8) assist the Director in the preparation of a biennial report, as described in
(9) carry out research on successful State and local education reform activities, including those that result in increased academic achievement and in closing the achievement gap, as approved by the Director;
(10) carry out research initiatives regarding the impact of technology, including—
(A) research into how technology affects student achievement;
(B) long-term research into cognition and learning issues as they relate to the uses of technology;
(C) rigorous, peer-reviewed, large-scale, long-term, and broadly applicable empirical research that is designed to determine which approaches to the use of technology are most effective and cost-efficient in practice and under what conditions; and
(D) field-based research on how teachers implement technology and Internet-based resources in the classroom, including an understanding 1 how these resources are being accessed, put to use, and the effectiveness of such resources; and
(11) carry out research that is rigorous, peer-reviewed, and large scale to determine which methods of mathematics and science teaching are most effective, cost efficient, and able to be applied, duplicated, and scaled up for use in elementary and secondary classrooms, including in low-performing schools, to improve the teaching of, and student achievement in, mathematics and science as required under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (
(b) Eligibility
Research carried out under subsection (a) through contracts, grants, or cooperative agreements shall be carried out only by recipients with the ability and capacity to conduct scientifically valid research.
(c) National research and development centers
(1) Support
In carrying out activities under subsection (a)(3), the Research Commissioner shall support not less than 8 national research and development centers. The Research Commissioner shall assign each of the 8 national research and development centers not less than 1 of the topics described in paragraph (2). In addition, the Research Commissioner may assign each of the 8 national research and development centers additional topics of research consistent with the mission and priorities of the Institute and the mission of the Research Center.
(2) Topics of research
The Research Commissioner shall support the following topics of research, through national research and development centers or through other means:
(A) Adult literacy.
(B) Assessment, standards, and accountability research.
(C) Early childhood development and education.
(D) English language learners research.
(E) Improving low achieving schools.
(F) Innovation in education reform.
(G) State and local policy.
(H) Postsecondary education and training.
(I) Rural education.
(J) Teacher quality.
(K) Reading and literacy.
(3) Duties of centers
The national research and development centers shall address areas of national need, including in educational technology areas. The Research Commissioner may support additional national research and development centers to address topics of research not described in paragraph (2) if such topics are consistent with the priorities and mission of the Institute and the mission of the Research Center. The research carried out by the centers shall incorporate the potential or existing role of educational technology, where appropriate, in achieving the goals of each center.
(4) Scope
Support for a national research and development center shall be for a period of not more than 5 years, shall be of sufficient size and scope to be effective, and notwithstanding
(A) continues to address priorities of the Institute; and
(B) merits renewal (applying the procedures and standards established in
(5) Limit
No national research and development center may be supported under this subsection for a period of more than 10 years without submitting to a competitive process for the award of the support.
(6) Continuation of awards
The Director shall continue awards made to the national research and development centers that are in effect on the day before November 5, 2002, in accordance with the terms of those awards and may renew them in accordance with paragraphs (4) and (5).
(7) Disaggregation
To the extent feasible, research conducted under this subsection shall be disaggregated by age, race, gender, and socioeconomic background.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (a)(11), is
1 So in original. Probably should be "understanding of".
§9534. Standards for conduct and evaluation of research
(a) In general
In carrying out this part, the Research Commissioner shall—
(1) ensure that all research conducted under the direction of the Research Center follows scientifically based research standards;
(2) develop such other standards as may be necessary to govern the conduct and evaluation of all research, development, and wide dissemination activities carried out by the Research Center to assure that such activities meet the highest standards of professional excellence;
(3) review the procedures utilized by the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and other Federal departments or agencies engaged in research and development, and actively solicit recommendations from research organizations and members of the general public in the development of the standards described in paragraph (2); and
(4) ensure that all research complies with Federal guidelines relating to research misconduct.
(b) Peer review
(1) In general
The Director shall establish a peer review system, involving highly qualified individuals with an in-depth knowledge of the subject to be investigated, for reviewing and evaluating all applications for grants and cooperative agreements that exceed $100,000, and for evaluating and assessing the products of research by all recipients of grants and cooperative agreements under this Act.
(2) Evaluation
The Research Commissioner shall—
(A) develop the procedures to be used in evaluating applications for research grants, cooperative agreements, and contracts, and specify the criteria and factors (including, as applicable, the use of longitudinal data linking test scores, enrollment, and graduation rates over time) which shall be considered in making such evaluations; and
(B) evaluate the performance of each recipient of an award of a research grant, contract, or cooperative agreement at the conclusion of the award.
(c) Long-term research
The Research Commissioner shall ensure that not less than 50 percent of the funds made available for research for each fiscal year shall be used to fund long-term research programs of not less than 5 years, which support the priorities and mission of the Institute and the mission of the Research Center.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
This Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), means
Part C—National Center for Education Statistics
Editorial Notes
Prior Provisions
Provisions similar to those in this part were contained in
§9541. Establishment
(a) Establishment
There is established in the Institute a National Center for Education Statistics (in this part referred to as the "Statistics Center").
(b) Mission
The mission of the Statistics Center shall be—
(1) to collect and analyze education information and statistics in a manner that meets the highest methodological standards;
(2) to report education information and statistics in a timely manner; and
(3) to collect, analyze, and report education information and statistics in a manner that—
(A) is objective, secular, neutral, and nonideological and is free of partisan political influence and racial, cultural, gender, or regional bias; and
(B) is relevant and useful to practitioners, researchers, policymakers, and the public.
(
§9542. Commissioner for Education Statistics
The Statistics Center shall be headed by a Commissioner for Education Statistics (in this part referred to as the "Statistics Commissioner") who shall be highly qualified and have substantial knowledge of statistical methodologies and activities undertaken by the Statistics Center.
(
§9543. Duties
(a) General duties
The Statistics Center shall collect, report, analyze, and disseminate statistical data related to education in the United States and in other nations, including—
(1) collecting, acquiring, compiling (where appropriate, on a State-by-State basis), and disseminating full and complete statistics (disaggregated by the population characteristics described in paragraph (3)) on the condition and progress of education, at the preschool, elementary, secondary, postsecondary, and adult levels in the United States, including data on—
(A) State and local education reform activities;
(B) State and local early childhood school readiness activities;
(C) student achievement in, at a minimum, the core academic areas of reading, mathematics, and science at all levels of education;
(D) secondary school completions, dropouts, and adult literacy and reading skills;
(E) access to, and opportunity for, postsecondary education, including data on financial aid to postsecondary students;
(F) teaching, including—
(i) data on in-service professional development, including a comparison of courses taken in the core academic areas of reading, mathematics, and science with courses in noncore academic areas, including technology courses; and
(ii) the percentage of teachers who meet the applicable State certification and licensure requirements, including any requirements for certification obtained through alternative routes to certification, or, with regard to special education teachers, the qualifications described in
(G) instruction, the conditions of the education workplace, and the supply of, and demand for, teachers;
(H) the incidence, frequency, seriousness, and nature of violence affecting students, school personnel, and other individuals participating in school activities, as well as other indices of school safety, including information regarding—
(i) the relationship between victims and perpetrators;
(ii) demographic characteristics of the victims and perpetrators; and
(iii) the type of weapons used in incidents, as classified in the Uniform Crime Reports of the Federal Bureau of Investigation;
(I) the financing and management of education, including data on revenues and expenditures;
(J) the social and economic status of children, including their academic achievement;
(K) the existence and use of educational technology and access to the Internet by students and teachers in elementary schools and secondary schools;
(L) access to, and opportunity for, early childhood education;
(M) the availability of, and access to, before-school and after-school programs (including such programs during school recesses);
(N) student participation in and completion of secondary and postsecondary vocational and technical education programs by specific program area; and
(O) the existence and use of school libraries;
(2) conducting and publishing reports on the meaning and significance of the statistics described in paragraph (1);
(3) collecting, analyzing, cross-tabulating, and reporting, to the extent feasible, information by gender, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, limited English proficiency, mobility, disability, urban, rural, suburban districts, and other population characteristics, when such disaggregated information will facilitate educational and policy decisionmaking;
(4) assisting public and private educational agencies, organizations, and institutions in improving and automating statistical and data collection activities, which may include assisting State educational agencies and local educational agencies with the disaggregation of data and with the development of longitudinal student data systems;
(5) determining voluntary standards and guidelines to assist State educational agencies in developing statewide longitudinal data systems that link individual student data consistent with the requirements of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (
(6) acquiring and disseminating data on educational activities and student achievement (such as the Third International Math and Science Study) in the United States compared with foreign nations;
(7) conducting longitudinal and special data collections necessary to report on the condition and progress of education;
(8) assisting the Director in the preparation of a biennial report, as described in
(9) determining, in consultation with the National Research Council of the National Academies, methodology by which States may accurately measure graduation rates (defined as the percentage of students who graduate from secondary school with a regular diploma in the standard number of years), school completion rates, and dropout rates.
(b) Training program
The Statistics Commissioner may establish a program to train employees of public and private educational agencies, organizations, and institutions in the use of standard statistical procedures and concepts, and may establish a fellowship program to appoint such employees as temporary fellows at the Statistics Center, in order to assist the Statistics Center in carrying out its duties.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (a)(5), is
Amendments
2015—Subsec. (a)(1)(F)(ii).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2015 Amendment
Amendment by
Study by National Center for Education Statistics Respecting Condition of Education for Hispanic Americans
1 So in original. The period probably should not appear.
§9544. Performance of duties
(a) Grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements
In carrying out the duties under this part, the Statistics Commissioner,1 may award grants, enter into contracts and cooperative agreements, and provide technical assistance.
(b) Gathering information
(1) Sampling
The Statistics Commissioner may use the statistical method known as sampling (including random sampling) to carry out this part.
(2) Source of information
The Statistics Commissioner may, as appropriate, use information collected—
(A) from States, local educational agencies, public and private schools, preschools, institutions of higher education, vocational and adult education programs, libraries, administrators, teachers, students, the general public, and other individuals, organizations, agencies, and institutions (including information collected by States and local educational agencies for their own use); and
(B) by other offices within the Institute and by other Federal departments, agencies, and instrumentalities.
(3) Collection
The Statistics Commissioner may—
(A) enter into interagency agreements for the collection of statistics;
(B) arrange with any agency, organization, or institution for the collection of statistics; and
(C) assign employees of the Statistics Center to any such agency, organization, or institution to assist in such collection.
(4) Technical assistance and coordination
In order to maximize the effectiveness of Department efforts to serve the educational needs of children and youth, the Statistics Commissioner shall—
(A) provide technical assistance to the Department offices that gather data for statistical purposes; and
(B) coordinate with other Department offices in the collection of data.
(c) Duration
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements under this section may be awarded, on a competitive basis, for a period of not more than 5 years, and may be renewed at the discretion of the Statistics Commissioner for an additional period of not more than 5 years.
(
1 So in original. The comma probably should not appear.
§9545. Reports
(a) Procedures for issuance of reports
The Statistics Commissioner,1 shall establish procedures, in accordance with
(b) Report on condition and progress of education
Not later than June 1, 2003, and each June 1 thereafter, the Statistics Commissioner,1 shall submit to the President and the appropriate congressional committees a statistical report on the condition and progress of education in the United States.
(c) Statistical reports
The Statistics Commissioner shall issue regular and, as necessary, special statistical reports on education topics, particularly in the core academic areas of reading, mathematics, and science, consistent with the priorities and the mission of the Statistics Center.
(
1 So in original. The comma probably should not appear.
§9546. Dissemination
(a) General requests
(1) In general
The Statistics Center may furnish transcripts or copies of tables and other statistical records and make special statistical compilations and surveys for State and local officials, public and private organizations, and individuals.
(2) Compilations
The Statistics Center shall provide State educational agencies, local educational agencies, and institutions of higher education with opportunities to suggest the establishment of particular compilations of statistics, surveys, and analyses that will assist those educational agencies.
(b) Congressional requests
The Statistics Center shall furnish such special statistical compilations and surveys as the relevant congressional committees may request.
(c) Joint statistical projects
The Statistics Center may engage in joint statistical projects related to the mission of the Center, or other statistical purposes authorized by law, with nonprofit organizations or agencies, and the cost of such projects shall be shared equitably as determined by the Secretary.
(d) Fees
(1) In general
Statistical compilations and surveys under this section, other than those carried out pursuant to subsections (b) and (c), may be made subject to the payment of the actual or estimated cost of such work.
(2) Funds received
All funds received in payment for work or services described in this subsection may be used to pay directly the costs of such work or services, to repay appropriations that initially bore all or part of such costs, or to refund excess sums when necessary.
(e) Access
(1) Other agencies
The Statistics Center shall, consistent with
(2) Interested parties
The Statistics Center shall, in accordance with such terms and conditions as the Center may prescribe, provide all interested parties, including public and private agencies, parents, and other individuals, direct access, in the most appropriate form (including, where possible, electronically), to data collected by the Statistics Center for the purposes of research and acquiring statistical information.
(
§9547. Cooperative education statistics systems
The Statistics Center may establish 1 or more national cooperative education statistics systems for the purpose of producing and maintaining, with the cooperation of the States, comparable and uniform information and data on early childhood education, elementary and secondary education, postsecondary education, adult education, and libraries, that are useful for policymaking at the Federal, State, and local levels.
(
§9548. State defined
In this part, the term "State" means each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
(
Part D—National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance
§9561. Establishment
(a) Establishment
There is established in the Institute a National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance.
(b) Mission
The mission of the National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance shall be—
(1) to provide technical assistance;
(2) to conduct evaluations of Federal education programs administered by the Secretary (and as time and resources allow, other education programs) to determine the impact of such programs (especially on student academic achievement in the core academic areas of reading, mathematics, and science);
(3) to support synthesis and wide dissemination of results of evaluation, research, and products developed; and
(4) to encourage the use of scientifically valid education research and evaluation throughout the United States.
(c) Grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements
In carrying out the duties under this part, the Director may award grants, enter into contracts and cooperative agreements, and provide technical assistance.
(
§9562. Commissioner for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance
(a) In general
The National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance shall be headed by a Commissioner for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance (in this part referred to as the "Evaluation and Regional Assistance Commissioner") who is highly qualified and has demonstrated a capacity to carry out the mission of the Center and shall—
(1) conduct evaluations pursuant to
(2) widely disseminate information on scientifically valid research, statistics, and evaluation on education, particularly to State educational agencies and local educational agencies, to institutions of higher education, to the public, the media, voluntary organizations, professional associations, and other constituencies, especially with respect to information relating to, at a minimum—
(A) the core academic areas of reading, mathematics, and science;
(B) closing the achievement gap between high-performing students and low-performing students;
(C) educational practices that improve academic achievement and promote learning;
(D) education technology, including software; and
(E) those topics covered by the Educational Resources Information Center Clearinghouses (established under section 941(f) of the Educational Research, Development, Dissemination, and Improvement Act of 1994 (
(3) make such information accessible in a user-friendly, timely, and efficient manner (including through use of a searchable Internet-based online database that shall include all topics covered in paragraph (2)(E)) to schools, institutions of higher education, educators (including early childhood educators), parents, administrators, policymakers, researchers, public and private entities (including providers of early childhood services), entities responsible for carrying out technical assistance through the Department, and the general public;
(4) support the regional educational laboratories in conducting applied research, the development and dissemination of educational research, products and processes, the provision of technical assistance, and other activities to serve the educational needs of such laboratories' regions;
(5) manage the National Library of Education described in subsection (d), and other sources of digital information on education research;
(6) assist the Director in the preparation of a biennial report, described in
(7) award a contract for a prekindergarten through grade 12 mathematics and science teacher clearinghouse.
(b) Additional duties
In carrying out subsection (a), the Evaluation and Regional Assistance Commissioner shall—
(1) ensure that information disseminated under this section is provided in a cost-effective, nonduplicative manner that includes the most current research findings, which may include through the continuation of individual clearinghouses authorized under the Educational Research, Development, Dissemination, and Improvement Act of 1994 (title IX of the Goals 2000: Educate America Act;
(2) describe prominently the type of scientific evidence that is used to support the findings that are disseminated;
(3) explain clearly the scientifically appropriate and inappropriate uses of—
(A) the findings that are disseminated; and
(B) the types of evidence used to support those findings; and
(4) respond, as appropriate, to inquiries from schools, educators, parents, administrators, policymakers, researchers, public and private entities, and entities responsible for carrying out technical assistance.
(c) Continuation
The Director shall continue awards for the support of the Educational Resources Information Center Clearinghouses and contracts for regional educational laboratories (established under subsections (f) and (h) of section 941 of the Educational Research, Development, Dissemination, and Improvement Act of 1994 (
(d) National Library of Education
(1) Establishment
There is established within the National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance a National Library of Education that shall—
(A) be headed by an individual who is highly qualified in library science;
(B) collect and archive information;
(C) provide a central location within the Federal Government for information about education;
(D) provide comprehensive reference services on matters related to education to employees of the Department of Education and its contractors and grantees, other Federal employees, and members of the public; and
(E) promote greater cooperation and resource sharing among providers and repositories of education information in the United States.
(2) Information
The information collected and archived by the National Library of Education shall include—
(A) products and publications developed through, or supported by, the Institute; and
(B) other relevant and useful education-related research, statistics, and evaluation materials and other information, projects, and publications that are—
(i) consistent with—
(I) scientifically valid research; or
(II) the priorities and mission of the Institute; and
(ii) developed by the Department, other Federal agencies, or entities (including entities supported under subchapter II of this chapter and the Educational Resources Information Center Clearinghouses (established under section 941(f) of the Educational Research, Development, Dissemination, and Improvement Act of 1994 (
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The Educational Research, Development, Dissemination, and Improvement Act of 1994 (as such Act existed on the day before November 5, 2002), referred to in subsecs. (a)(1)(E), (b)(1), (c), and (d)(2)(B)(ii), is title IX of
1 So in original. The third closing parenthesis probably should not appear.
§9563. Evaluations
(a) In general
(1) Requirements
In carrying out its missions, the National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance may—
(A) conduct or support evaluations consistent with the Center's mission as described in
(B) evaluate programs under title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (
(C) to the extent practicable, examine evaluations conducted or supported by others in order to determine the quality and relevance of the evidence of effectiveness generated by those evaluations, with the approval of the Director;
(D) coordinate the activities of the National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance with other evaluation activities in the Department;
(E) review and, where feasible, supplement Federal education program evaluations, particularly those by the Department, to determine or enhance the quality and relevance of the evidence generated by those evaluations;
(F) establish evaluation methodology; and
(G) assist the Director in the preparation of the biennial report, as described in
(2) Additional requirements
Each evaluation conducted by the National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance pursuant to paragraph (1) shall—
(A) adhere to the highest possible standards of quality for conducting scientifically valid education evaluation; and
(B) be subject to rigorous peer-review.
(b) Administration of evaluations under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
The Evaluation and Regional Assistance Commissioner, consistent with the mission of the National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance under
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(B), is
Amendments
2015—Subsec. (b).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2015 Amendment
Amendment by
§9564. Regional educational laboratories for research, development, dissemination, and technical assistance
(a) Regional educational laboratories
The Director shall enter into contracts with entities to establish a networked system of 10 regional educational laboratories that serve the needs of each region of the United States in accordance with the provisions of this section. The amount of assistance allocated to each laboratory by the Evaluation and Regional Assistance Commissioner shall reflect the number of local educational agencies and the number of school-age children within the region served by such laboratory, as well as the cost of providing services within the geographic area encompassed by the region.
(b) Regions
The regions served by the regional educational laboratories shall be the 10 geographic regions served by the regional educational laboratories established under section 941(h) of the Educational Research, Development, Dissemination, and Improvement Act of 1994 (as such provision existed on the day before November 5, 2002).
(c) Eligible applicants
The Director may enter into contracts under this section with research organizations, institutions, agencies, institutions of higher education, or partnerships among such entities, or individuals, with the demonstrated ability or capacity to carry out the activities described in this section, including regional entities that carried out activities under the Educational Research, Development, Dissemination, and Improvement Act of 1994 (as such Act existed on the day before November 5, 2002) and title XIII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (as such title existed on the day before January 8, 2002).
(d) Applications
(1) Submission
Each applicant desiring a contract under this section shall submit an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Director may reasonably require.
(2) Plan
Each application submitted under paragraph (1) shall contain a 5-year plan for carrying out the activities described in this section in a manner that addresses the priorities established under
(e) Entering into contracts
(1) In general
In entering into contracts under this section, the Director shall—
(A) enter into contracts for a 5-year period; and
(B) ensure that regional educational laboratories established under this section have strong and effective governance, organization, management, and administration, and employ qualified staff.
(2) Coordination
In order to ensure coordination and prevent unnecessary duplication of activities among the regions, the Evaluation and Regional Assistance Commissioner shall—
(A) share information about the activities of each regional educational laboratory awarded a contract under this section with each other regional educational laboratory awarded a contract under this section and with the Department of Education, including the Director and the Board;
(B) oversee a strategic plan for ensuring that each regional educational laboratory awarded a contract under this section increases collaboration and resource-sharing in such activities;
(C) ensure, where appropriate, that the activities of each regional educational laboratory awarded a contract under this section also serve national interests; and
(D) ensure that each regional educational laboratory awarded a contract under this section coordinates such laboratory's activities with the activities of each other regional technical assistance provider.
(3) Outreach
In conducting competitions for contracts under this section, the Director shall—
(A) actively encourage eligible entities to compete for such awards by making information and technical assistance relating to the competition widely available; and
(B) seek input from the chief executive officers of States, chief State school officers, educators, and parents regarding the need for applied research, wide dissemination, training, technical assistance, and development activities authorized by this subchapter in the regions to be served by the regional educational laboratories and how those educational needs could be addressed most effectively.
(4) Objectives and indicators
Before entering into a contract under this section, the Director shall design specific objectives and measurable indicators to be used to assess the particular programs or initiatives, and ongoing progress and performance, of the regional educational laboratories, in order to ensure that the educational needs of the region are being met and that the latest and best research and proven practices are being carried out as part of school improvement efforts.
(5) Standards
The Evaluation and Regional Assistance Commissioner shall establish a system for technical and peer review to ensure that applied research activities, research-based reports, and products of the regional educational laboratories are consistent with the research standards described in
(f) Central mission and primary function
Each regional educational laboratory awarded a contract under this section shall support applied research, development, wide dissemination, and technical assistance activities by—
(1) providing training (which may include supporting internships and fellowships and providing stipends) and technical assistance to State educational agencies, local educational agencies, school boards, schools funded by the Bureau as appropriate, and State boards of education regarding, at a minimum—
(A) the administration and implementation of programs under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (
(B) scientifically valid research in education on teaching methods, assessment tools, and high quality, challenging curriculum frameworks for use by teachers and administrators in, at a minimum—
(i) the core academic subjects of mathematics, science, and reading;
(ii) English language acquisition;
(iii) education technology; and
(iv) the replication and adaption of exemplary and promising practices and new educational methods, including professional development strategies and the use of educational technology to improve teaching and learning; and
(C) the facilitation of communication between educational experts, school officials, and teachers, parents, and librarians, to enable such individuals to assist schools to develop a plan to meet the State education goals;
(2) developing and widely disseminating, including through Internet-based means, scientifically valid research, information, reports, and publications that are usable for improving academic achievement, closing achievement gaps, and encouraging and sustaining school improvement, to—
(A) schools, districts, institutions of higher education, educators (including early childhood educators and librarians), parents, policymakers, and other constituencies, as appropriate, within the region in which the regional educational laboratory is located; and
(B) the National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance;
(3) developing a plan for identifying and serving the needs of the region by conducting a continuing survey of the educational needs, strengths, and weaknesses within the region, including a process of open hearings to solicit the views of schools, teachers, administrators, parents, local educational agencies, librarians, and State educational agencies within the region;
(4) in the event such quality applied research does not exist as determined by the regional educational laboratory or the Department, carrying out applied research projects that are designed to serve the particular educational needs (in prekindergarten through grade 16) of the region in which the regional educational laboratory is located, that reflect findings from scientifically valid research, and that result in user-friendly, replicable school-based classroom applications geared toward promoting increased student achievement, including using applied research to assist in solving site-specific problems and assisting in development activities (including high-quality and on-going professional development and effective parental involvement strategies);
(5) supporting and serving the educational development activities and needs of the region by providing educational applied research in usable forms to promote school-improvement, academic achievement, and the closing of achievement gaps and contributing to the current base of education knowledge by addressing enduring problems in elementary and secondary education and access to postsecondary education;
(6) collaborating and coordinating services with other technical assistance providers funded by the Department of Education;
(7) assisting in gathering information on school finance systems to promote improved access to educational opportunities and to better serve all public school students;
(8) assisting in gathering information on alternative administrative structures that are more conducive to planning, implementing, and sustaining school reform and improved academic achievement;
(9) bringing teams of experts together to develop and implement school improvement plans and strategies, especially in low-performing or high poverty schools; and
(10) developing innovative approaches to the application of technology in education that are unlikely to originate from within the private sector, but which could result in the development of new forms of education software, education content, and technology-enabled pedagogy.
(g) Activities
Each regional educational laboratory awarded a contract under this section shall carry out the following activities:
(1) Collaborate with the National Education Centers in order to—
(A) maximize the use of research conducted through the National Education Centers in the work of such laboratory;
(B) keep the National Education Centers apprised of the work of the regional educational laboratory in the field; and
(C) inform the National Education Centers about additional research needs identified in the field.
(2) Consult with the State educational agencies and local educational agencies in the region in developing the plan for serving the region.
(3) Develop strategies to utilize schools as critical components in reforming education and revitalizing rural communities in the United States.
(4) Report and disseminate information on overcoming the obstacles faced by educators and schools in high poverty, urban, and rural areas.
(5) Identify successful educational programs that have either been developed by such laboratory in carrying out such laboratory's functions or that have been developed or used by others within the region served by the laboratory and make such information available to the Secretary and the network of regional educational laboratories so that such programs may be considered for inclusion in the national education dissemination system.
(h) Governing board and allocation
(1) In general
In carrying out its responsibilities, each regional educational laboratory awarded a contract under this section, in keeping with the terms and conditions of such laboratory's contract, shall—
(A) establish a governing board that—
(i) reflects a balanced representation of—
(I) the States in the region;
(II) the interests and concerns of regional constituencies; and
(III) technical expertise;
(ii) includes the chief State school officer or such officer's designee of each State represented in such board's region;
(iii) includes—
(I) representatives nominated by chief executive officers of States and State organizations of superintendents, principals, institutions of higher education, teachers, parents, businesses, and researchers; or
(II) other representatives of the organizations described in subclause (I), as required by State law in effect on the day before November 5, 2002;
(iv) is the sole entity that—
(I) guides and directs the laboratory in carrying out the provisions of this subsection and satisfying the terms and conditions of the contract award;
(II) determines the regional agenda of the laboratory;
(III) engages in an ongoing dialogue with the Evaluation and Regional Assistance Commissioner concerning the laboratory's goals, activities, and priorities; and
(IV) determines at the start of the contract period, subject to the requirements of this section and in consultation with the Evaluation and Regional Assistance Commissioner, the mission of the regional educational laboratory for the duration of the contract period;
(v) ensures that the regional educational laboratory attains and maintains a high level of quality in the laboratory's work and products;
(vi) establishes standards to ensure that the regional educational laboratory has strong and effective governance, organization, management, and administration, and employs qualified staff;
(vii) directs the regional educational laboratory to carry out the laboratory's duties in a manner that will make progress toward achieving the State education goals and reforming schools and educational systems; and
(viii) conducts a continuing survey of the educational needs, strengths, and weaknesses within the region, including a process of open hearings to solicit the views of schools and teachers; and
(B) allocate the regional educational laboratory's resources to and within each State in a manner which reflects the need for assistance, taking into account such factors as the proportion of economically disadvantaged students, the increased cost burden of service delivery in areas of sparse populations, and any special initiatives being undertaken by State, intermediate, local educational agencies, or Bureau-funded schools, as appropriate, which may require special assistance from the laboratory.
(2) Special rule
If a regional educational laboratory needs flexibility in order to meet the requirements of paragraph (1)(A)(i), the regional educational laboratory may select not more than 10 percent of the governing board from individuals outside those representatives nominated in accordance with paragraph (1)(A)(iii).
(i) Duties of governing board
In order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the regional educational laboratories, the governing boards of the regional educational laboratories shall establish and maintain a network to—
(1) share information about the activities each laboratory is carrying out;
(2) plan joint activities that would meet the needs of multiple regions;
(3) create a strategic plan for the development of activities undertaken by the laboratories to reduce redundancy and increase collaboration and resource-sharing in such activities; and
(4) otherwise devise means by which the work of the individual laboratories could serve national, as well as regional, needs.
(j) Evaluations
The Evaluation and Regional Assistance Commissioner shall provide for independent evaluations of each of the regional educational laboratories in carrying out the duties described in this section in the third year that such laboratory receives assistance under this section in accordance with the standards developed by the Evaluation and Regional Assistance Commissioner and approved by the Board and shall transmit the results of such evaluations to the relevant committees of Congress, the Board, and the appropriate regional educational laboratory governing board.
(k) Rule of construction
No regional educational laboratory receiving assistance under this section shall, by reason of the receipt of that assistance, be ineligible to receive any other assistance from the Department of Education as authorized by law or be prohibited from engaging in activities involving international projects or endeavors.
(l) Advance payment system
Each regional educational laboratory awarded a contract under this section shall participate in the advance payment system at the Department of Education.
(m) Additional projects
In addition to activities authorized under this section, the Director is authorized to enter into contracts or agreements with a regional educational laboratory for the purpose of carrying out additional projects to enable such regional educational laboratory to assist in efforts to achieve State education goals and for other purposes.
(n) Annual report and plan
Not later than July 1 of each year, each regional educational laboratory awarded a contract under this section shall submit to the Evaluation and Regional Assistance Commissioner—
(1) a plan covering the succeeding fiscal year, in which such laboratory's mission, activities, and scope of work are described, including a general description of the plans such laboratory expects to submit in the remaining years of such laboratory's contract; and
(2) a report of how well such laboratory is meeting the needs of the region, including a summary of activities during the preceding year, a list of entities served, a list of products, and any other information that the regional educational laboratory may consider relevant or the Evaluation and Regional Assistance Commissioner may require.
(o) Construction
Nothing in this section shall be construed to require any modifications in a regional educational laboratory contract in effect on the day before November 5, 2002.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The Educational Research, Development, Dissemination, and Improvement Act of 1994 (as such Act existed on the day before November 5, 2002), referred to in subsecs. (b) and (c), is title IX of
Title XIII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (as such title existed on the day before January 8, 2002), referred to in subsec. (c), means title XIII of
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (f)(1)(A), is
Part E—National Center for Special Education Research
Editorial Notes
Prior Provisions
A prior part E, consisting of sections 9571 to 9584, was redesignated part F of this subchapter by
§9567. Establishment
(a) Establishment
There is established in the Institute a National Center for Special Education Research (in this part referred to as the "Special Education Research Center").
(b) Mission
The mission of the Special Education Research Center is—
(1) to sponsor research to expand knowledge and understanding of the needs of infants, toddlers, and children with disabilities in order to improve the developmental, educational, and transitional results of such individuals;
(2) to sponsor research to improve services provided under, and support the implementation of, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (
(3) to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act in coordination with the National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance.
(c) Applicability of this subchapter
Parts A and F, and the standards for peer review of applications and for the conduct and evaluation of research under
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), (3), is title VI of
§9567a. Commissioner for Special Education Research
The Special Education Research Center shall be headed by a Commissioner for Special Education Research (in this part referred to as the "Special Education Research Commissioner") who shall have substantial knowledge of the Special Education Research Center's activities, including a high level of expertise in the fields of research, research management, and the education of children with disabilities.
(
§9567b. Duties
(a) General duties
The Special Education Research Center shall carry out research activities under this part consistent with the mission described in
(1) improve services provided under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [
(A) academic achievement, functional outcomes, and educational results for children with disabilities; and
(B) developmental outcomes for infants or toddlers with disabilities;
(2) identify scientifically based educational practices that support learning and improve academic achievement, functional outcomes, and educational results for all students with disabilities;
(3) examine the special needs of preschool aged children, infants, and toddlers with disabilities, including factors that may result in developmental delays;
(4) identify scientifically based related services and interventions that promote participation and progress in the general education curriculum and general education settings;
(5) improve the alignment, compatibility, and development of valid and reliable assessments, including alternate assessments, as required by
(6) examine State content standards and alternate assessments for students with significant cognitive impairment in terms of academic achievement, individualized instructional need, appropriate education settings, and improved post-school results;
(7) examine the educational, developmental, and transitional needs of children with high incidence and low incidence disabilities;
(8) examine the extent to which overidentification and underidentification of children with disabilities occurs, and the causes thereof;
(9) improve reading and literacy skills of children with disabilities;
(10) examine and improve secondary and postsecondary education and transitional outcomes and results for children with disabilities;
(11) examine methods of early intervention for children with disabilities, including children with multiple or complex developmental delays;
(12) examine and incorporate universal design concepts in the development of standards, assessments, curricula, and instructional methods to improve educational and transitional results for children with disabilities;
(13) improve the preparation of personnel, including early intervention personnel, who provide educational and related services to children with disabilities to increase the academic achievement and functional performance of students with disabilities;
(14) examine the excess costs of educating a child with a disability and expenses associated with high cost special education and related services;
(15) help parents improve educational results for their children, particularly related to transition issues;
(16) address the unique needs of children with significant cognitive disabilities; and
(17) examine the special needs of limited English proficient children with disabilities.
(b) Standards
The Special Education Research Commissioner shall ensure that activities assisted under this section—
(1) conform to high standards of quality, integrity, accuracy, validity, and reliability;
(2) are carried out in accordance with the standards for the conduct and evaluation of all research and development established by the National Center for Education Research; and
(3) are objective, secular, neutral, and nonideological, and are free of partisan political influence, and racial, cultural, gender, regional, or disability bias.
(c) Plan
The Special Education Research Commissioner shall propose to the Director a research plan, developed in collaboration with the Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, that—
(1) is consistent with the priorities and mission of the Institute and the mission of the Special Education Research Center;
(2) is carried out, updated, and modified, as appropriate;
(3) is consistent with the purposes of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [
(4) contains an appropriate balance across all age ranges and types of children with disabilities;
(5) provides for research that is objective and uses measurable indicators to assess its progress and results; and
(6) is coordinated with the comprehensive plan developed under section 681 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [
(d) Grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements
(1) In general
In carrying out the duties under this section, the Director may award grants to, or enter into contracts or cooperative agreements with, eligible applicants.
(2) Eligible applicants
Activities carried out under this subsection through contracts, grants, or cooperative agreements shall be carried out only by recipients with the ability and capacity to conduct scientifically valid research.
(3) Applications
An eligible applicant that wishes to receive a grant, or enter into a contract or cooperative agreement, under this section shall submit an application to the Director at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Director may require.
(e) Dissemination
The Special Education Research Center shall—
(1) synthesize and disseminate, through the National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, the findings and results of special education research conducted or supported by the Special Education Research Center; and
(2) assist the Director in the preparation of a biennial report, as described in
(f) Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this part such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2005 through 2010.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (c)(3), is title VI of
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date
"(1)
"(2)
Part F—General Provisions
Editorial Notes
Codification
§9571. Interagency data sources and formats
The Secretary, in consultation with the Director, shall ensure that the Department and the Institute use common sources of data in standardized formats.
(
§9572. Prohibitions
(a) National database
Nothing in this subchapter may be construed to authorize the establishment of a nationwide database of individually identifiable information on individuals involved in studies or other collections of data under this subchapter.
(b) Federal Government and use of Federal funds
Nothing in this subchapter may be construed to authorize an officer or employee of the Federal Government to mandate, direct, or control the curriculum, program of instruction, or allocation of State or local resources of a State, local educational agency, or school, or to mandate a State, or any subdivision thereof, to spend any funds or incur any costs not provided for under this subchapter.
(c) Endorsement of curriculum
Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal law, no funds provided under this subchapter to the Institute, including any office, board, committee, or center of the Institute, may be used by the Institute to endorse, approve, or sanction any curriculum designed to be used in an elementary school or secondary school.
(d) Federally sponsored testing
(1) In general
Subject to paragraph (2), no funds provided under this subchapter to the Secretary or to the recipient of any award may be used to develop, pilot test, field test, implement, administer, or distribute any federally sponsored national test in reading, mathematics, or any other subject, unless specifically and explicitly authorized by law.
(2) Exceptions
Subsection (a) shall not apply to international comparative assessments developed under the authority of
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
§9573. Confidentiality
(a) In general
All collection, maintenance, use, and wide dissemination of data by the Institute, including each office, board, committee, and center of the Institute, shall conform with the requirements of
(b) Student information
The Director shall ensure that all individually identifiable information about students, their academic achievements, their families, and information with respect to individual schools, shall remain confidential in accordance with
(c) Confidentiality standards
(1) In general
(A) The Director shall develop and enforce standards designed to protect the confidentiality of persons in the collection, reporting, and publication of data under this subchapter.
(B) This section shall not be construed to protect the confidentiality of information about institutions, organizations, and agencies that receive grants from, or have contracts or cooperative agreements with, the Federal Government.
(2) Prohibition
No person may—
(A) use any individually identifiable information furnished under this subchapter for any purpose other than a research, statistics, or evaluation purpose under this subchapter;
(B) make any publication whereby the data furnished by any particular person under this subchapter can be identified; or
(C) permit anyone other than the individuals authorized by the Director to examine the individual reports.
(d) Administration
(1) In general
(A) Disclosure
No Federal department, bureau, agency, officer, or employee and no recipient of a Federal grant, contract, or cooperative agreement may, for any reason, require the Director, any Commissioner of a National Education Center, or any other employee of the Institute to disclose individually identifiable information that has been collected or retained under this subchapter.
(B) Immunity
Individually identifiable information collected or retained under this subchapter shall be immune from legal process and shall not, without the consent of the individual concerned, be admitted as evidence or used for any purpose in any action, suit, or other judicial or administrative proceeding.
(C) Application
This paragraph does not apply to requests for individually identifiable information submitted by or on behalf of the individual identified in the information.
(2) Employee or staff violations
Whoever, being or having been an employee or staff member of the Department, having taken or subscribed the oath of office, or having sworn to observe the limitations imposed by subsection (c)(2), knowingly publishes or communicates any individually identifiable information (as defined in paragraph (5)(A)), the disclosure of which is prohibited by subsection (c)(2), and that comes into such employee or staff's possession by reason of employment (or otherwise providing services) under this subchapter, shall be found guilty of a class E felony and imprisoned for not more than five years, or fined as specified in
(3) Temporary staff
The Director may utilize temporary staff, including employees of Federal, State, or local agencies or instrumentalities (including local educational agencies), and employees of private organizations to assist the Director in performing the Director's responsibilities, but only if such temporary staff are sworn to observe the limitations imposed by this section.
(4) Information requirements
No collection of information or data acquisition activity undertaken by the Director shall be subject to any review, coordination, or approval procedure except as required by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget under the rules and regulations established pursuant to
(5) Definitions
For the purposes of this section—
(A) the term "individually identifiable information" means any record, response form, completed survey, or aggregation thereof from which information about particular individuals may be revealed; and
(B) the term "report" means a response provided by or about an individual to an inquiry from the Director and does not include a statistical aggregation from which individually identifiable information cannot be revealed.
(6) Violations
Any person who uses any data provided by the Director, in conjunction with any other information or technique, to identify any individual student, teacher, administrator, or other individual and who knowingly discloses, publishes, or uses such data for a purpose other than a statistical purpose, or who otherwise violates subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (c)(2), shall be found guilty of a class E felony and imprisoned for not more than five years, or fined as specified in
(7) Access to reports or records
Nothing in this section shall restrict the right of the Secretary, the Comptroller General of the United States, the Director of the Congressional Budget Office, and the Librarian of Congress, to gain access to any reports or other records, including information identifying individuals, in the Director's possession, except that the same restrictions on disclosure that apply under paragraphs (1) and (6) shall apply to such individuals.
(e) Investigation and prosecution of terrorism
(1) In general
Notwithstanding subsections (a) and (b), the Attorney General (or any Federal officer or employee, in a position not lower than an Assistant Attorney General, designated by the Attorney General) may submit a written application to a court of competent jurisdiction for an ex parte order requiring the Secretary to permit the Attorney General (or his designee) to—
(A) collect reports, records, and information (including individually identifiable information) in the possession of the Director that are relevant to an authorized investigation or prosecution of an offense listed in
(B) for official purposes related to the investigation or prosecution of an offense described in paragraph (1)(A), retain, disseminate, and use (including as evidence at trial or in other administrative or judicial proceedings) such information, consistent with such guidelines as the Attorney General, after consultation with the Secretary, shall issue to protect confidentiality.
(2) Application and approval
(A)
(B) The court shall issue an order described in paragraph (1) if the court finds that the application for the order includes the certification described in subparagraph (A).
(3) Protection
An officer or employee of the Department who, in good faith, produces information in accordance with an order issued under this subsection does not violate subsection (b)(2) 1 and shall not be liable to any person for that production.
(
Editorial Notes
Codification
Subsecs. (a) to (c) of
Amendments
2002—Subsecs. (c) to (e).
1 So in original. Probably means subsection (d)(2).
§9574. Availability of data
Subject to
(
§9575. Performance management
The Director shall ensure that all activities conducted or supported by the Institute or a National Education Center make customer service a priority. The Director shall ensure a high level of customer satisfaction through the following methods:
(1) Establishing and improving feedback mechanisms in order to anticipate customer needs.
(2) Disseminating information in a timely fashion and in formats that are easily accessible and usable by researchers, practitioners, and the general public.
(3) Utilizing the most modern technology and other methods available, including arrangements to use data collected electronically by States and local educational agencies, to ensure the efficient collection and timely distribution of information, including data and reports.
(4) Establishing and measuring performance against a set of indicators for the quality of data collected, analyzed, and reported.
(5) Continuously improving management strategies and practices.
(6) Making information available to the public in an expeditious fashion.
(
§9576. Authority to publish
(a) Publication
The Director may prepare and publish (including through oral presentation) such research, statistics (consistent with part C), and evaluation information and reports from any office, board, committee, and center of the Institute, as needed to carry out the priorities and mission of the Institute without the approval of the Secretary or any other office of the Department.
(b) Advance copies
The Director shall provide the Secretary and other relevant offices with an advance copy of any information to be published under this section before publication.
(c) Peer review
All research, statistics, and evaluation reports conducted by, or supported through, the Institute shall be subjected to rigorous peer review before being published or otherwise made available to the public.
(d) Items not covered
Nothing in subsections 1 (a), (b), or (c) shall be construed to apply to—
(1) information on current or proposed budgets, appropriations, or legislation;
(2) information prohibited from disclosure by law or the Constitution, classified national security information, or information described in
(3) review by officers of the United States in order to prevent the unauthorized disclosure of information described in paragraph (1) or (2).
(
1 So in original. Probably should be "subsection".
§9577. Vacancies
Any member appointed to fill a vacancy on the Board occurring before the expiration of the term for which the member's predecessor was appointed shall be appointed only for the remainder of that term. A vacancy in an office, board, committee, or center of the Institute shall be filled in the manner in which the original appointment was made. This section does not apply to employees appointed under
(
§9578. Scientific or technical employees
(a) In general
The Director may appoint, for terms not to exceed 6 years (without regard to the provisions of title 5 governing appointment in the competitive service) and may compensate (without regard to the provisions of
(1) at least 30 days prior to the appointment of any such employee, public notice is given of the availability of such position and an opportunity is provided for qualified individuals to apply and compete for such position;
(2) the rate of basic pay for such employees does not exceed the maximum rate of basic pay payable for positions at GS–15, as determined in accordance with
(3) the appointment of such employee is necessary (as determined by the Director on the basis of clear and convincing evidence) to provide the Institute or the office, board, committee, or center with scientific or technical expertise which could not otherwise be obtained by the Institute or the office, board, committee, or center through the competitive service; and
(4) the total number of such employees does not exceed 40 individuals or 1/5 of the number of full-time, regular scientific or professional employees of the Institute, whichever is greater.
(b) Duties of employees
All employees described in subsection (a) shall work on activities of the Institute or the office, board, committee, or center, and shall not be reassigned to other duties outside the Institute or the office, board, committee, or center during their term.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
GS–15, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is contained in the General Schedule, which is set out under
Level III of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is set out in
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
References to Maximum Rate Under 5 U.S.C. 5376
For reference to maximum rate under
§9579. Fellowships
In order to strengthen the national capacity to carry out high-quality research, evaluation, and statistics related to education, the Director shall establish and maintain research, evaluation, and statistics fellowships in institutions of higher education (which may include the establishment of such fellowships in historically Black colleges and universities and other institutions of higher education with large numbers of minority students) that support graduate and postdoctoral study onsite at the Institute or at the institution of higher education. In establishing the fellowships, the Director shall ensure that women and minorities are actively recruited for participation.
(
§9580. Voluntary service
The Director may accept voluntary and uncompensated services to carry out and support activities that are consistent with the priorities and mission of the Institute.
(
§9581. Rulemaking
Notwithstanding
(
§9582. Copyright
Nothing in this Act shall be construed to affect the rights, remedies, limitations, or defense under title 17.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
This Act, referred to in text, means
§9583. Removal
(a) Presidential
The Director, each member of the Board, and the Commissioner for Education Statistics may be removed by the President prior to the expiration of the term of each such appointee.
(b) Director
Each Commissioner appointed by the Director pursuant to
(
§9584. Authorization of appropriations
(a) In general
There are authorized to be appropriated to administer and carry out this subchapter (except
(1) not less than the amount provided to the National Center for Education Statistics (as such Center was in existence on the day before November 5, 2002) for fiscal year 2002 shall be provided to the National Center for Education Statistics, as authorized under part C; and
(2) not more than the lesser of 2 percent of such funds or $1,000,000 shall be made available to carry out
(b) Regional educational laboratories
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out
(c) Availability
Amounts made available under this section shall remain available until expended.
(