CHAPTER 37—ASSIGNMENT OR TRANSPORTATION OF STUDENTS
1651.
Prohibition against assignment or transportation of students to overcome racial imbalance.
1654.
Intervention authorization in implementation of court orders.
1655.
Uniform rules of evidence of racial discrimination.
1656.
Prohibition against official or court orders to achieve racial balance or insure compliance with constitutional standards applicable to entire United States.
§1651. Prohibition against assignment or transportation of students to overcome racial imbalance
No provision of this Act shall be construed to require the assignment or transportation of students or teachers in order to overcome racial imbalance.
(Pub. L. 92–318, title VIII, §801, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 371.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 92–318, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 235, known as the Education Amendments of 1972. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of this title and Tables.
Section, Pub. L. 92–318, title VIII, §802, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 371; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301, title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, prohibited the use of appropriated funds for busing.
§1653. Omitted
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section, Pub. L. 92–318, title VIII, §803, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 372, provided that the effectiveness of orders of district courts requiring transfer or transportation of students for purposes of achieving a balance among students with respect to race, sex, religion, or socioeconomic status, be postponed until all appeals in connection with such orders have been exhausted or until expiration of the time for such appeals, expired at midnight on Jan. 1, 1974.
§1654. Intervention authorization in implementation of court orders
A parent or guardian of a child, or parents or guardians of children similarly situated, transported to a public school in accordance with a court order, may seek to reopen or intervene in the further implementation of such court order, currently in effect, if the time or distance of travel is so great as to risk the health of the student or significantly impinge on his or her educational process.
(Pub. L. 92–318, title VIII, §804, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 372.)
§1655. Uniform rules of evidence of racial discrimination
The rules of evidence required to prove that State or local authorities are practicing racial discrimination in assigning students to public schools shall be uniform throughout the United States.
(Pub. L. 92–318, title VIII, §805, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 372.)
§1656. Prohibition against official or court orders to achieve racial balance or insure compliance with constitutional standards applicable to entire United States
The proviso of section 407(a) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [42 U.S.C. 2000c–6(a)] providing in substance that no court or official of the United States shall be empowered to issue any order seeking to achieve a racial balance in any school by requiring the transportation of pupils or students from one school to another or one school district to another in order to achieve such racial balance, or otherwise enlarge the existing power of the court to insure compliance with constitutional standards shall apply to all public school pupils and to every public school system, public school and public school board, as defined by title IV [42 U.S.C. 2000c et seq.], under all circumstances and conditions and at all times in every State, district, territory, Commonwealth, or possession of the United States regardless of whether the residence of such public school pupils or the principal offices of such public school system, public school or public school board is situated in the northern, eastern, western, or southern part of the United States.
(Pub. L. 92–318, title VIII, §806, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 373.)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The Civil Rights Act of 1964, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 88–352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 241. Title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is classified generally to subchapter IV (§2000c et seq.) of chapter 21 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2000a of Title 42 and Tables.