§1522. Conduct of chemical and biological defense program
(a) General
The Secretary of Defense shall carry out the chemical and biological defense program of the United States in accordance with the provisions of this section.
(b) Management and oversight
In carrying out his responsibilities under this section, the Secretary of Defense shall do the following:
(1) Assign responsibility for overall coordination and integration of the chemical and biological warfare defense program and the chemical and biological medical defense program to a single office within the Office of the Secretary of Defense.
(2) Take those actions necessary to ensure close and continuous coordination between (A) the chemical and biological warfare defense program, and (B) the chemical and biological medical defense program.
(3) Exercise oversight over the chemical and biological defense program through the Defense Acquisition Board process.
(c) Coordination of program
(1) The Secretary of Defense shall designate the Army as executive agent for the Department of Defense to coordinate and integrate research, development, test, and evaluation, and acquisition, requirements of the military departments for chemical and biological warfare defense programs of the Department of Defense.
(2) The Director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency may conduct a program of basic and applied research and advanced technology development on chemical and biological warfare defense technologies and systems. In conducting such program, the Director shall seek to avoid unnecessary duplication of the activities under the program with chemical and biological warfare defense activities of the military departments and defense agencies and shall coordinate the activities under the program with those of the military departments and defense agencies.
(d) Funding
(1) The budget for the Department of Defense for each fiscal year after fiscal year 1994 shall reflect a coordinated and integrated chemical and biological defense program for the Department of Defense.
(2) Funding requests for the program (other than for activities under the program conducted by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under subsection (c)(2)) shall be set forth in the budget of the Department of Defense for each fiscal year as a separate account, with a single program element for each of the categories of research, development, test, and evaluation, acquisition, and military construction. Amounts for military construction projects may be set forth in the annual military construction budget. Funds for military construction for the program in the military construction budget shall be set forth separately from other funds for military construction projects. Funding requests for the program may be included in the budget accounts of the military departments.
(3) The program conducted by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under subsection (c)(2) shall be set forth as a separate program element in the budget of that agency.
(4) All funding requirements for the chemical and biological defense program shall be reviewed by the Secretary of the Army as executive agent pursuant to subsection (c).
(e) Management review and report
(1) The Secretary of Defense shall conduct a review of the management structure of the Department of Defense chemical and biological warfare defense program, including-
(A) research, development, test, and evaluation;
(B) procurement;
(C) doctrine development;
(D) policy;
(E) training;
(F) development of requirements;
(G) readiness; and
(H) risk assessment.
(2) Not later than May 1, 1994, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that describes the details of measures being taken to improve joint coordination and oversight of the program and ensure a coherent and effective approach to its management.
(
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section was enacted as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994, and not as part of
Amendments
2023-Subsec. (d)(2).
1996-Subsec. (c).
Subsec. (d)(1).
Subsec. (d)(2).
Subsec. (d)(3), (4).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Implementation of GAO Recommendations on Preparedness of United States Forces To Counter North Korean Chemical and Biological Weapons
"(a)
"(1)
"(2)
"(A) a summary of actions that have been or will be taken to implement the recommendation; and
"(B) a schedule, with specific milestones, for completing implementation of the recommendation.
"(b)
"(c)
"(1)
"(2)
"(A)
"(B)
"(i) a specific justification for the decision not to implement the recommendation; and
"(ii) a summary of alternative actions the Secretary plans to take to address the conditions underlying the recommendation."
National Bio-Weapons Defense Analysis Center
[For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the National Bio-Weapons Defense Analysis Center of the Department of Defense, including the functions of the Secretary of Defense related thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 183(2), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.]
Chemical Warfare Defense
"(a)
"(b)
"(1) To provide for adequate protection of personnel from any exposure to a chemical warfare agent (including chronic and low-level exposure to a chemical warfare agent) that would endanger the health of exposed personnel because of the deleterious effects of-
"(A) a single exposure to the agent;
"(B) exposure to the agent concurrently with other dangerous exposures, such as exposures to-
"(i) other potentially toxic substances in the environment, including pesticides, other insect and vermin control agents, and environmental pollutants;
"(ii) low-grade nuclear and electromagnetic radiation present in the environment;
"(iii) preventive medications (that are dangerous when taken concurrently with other dangerous exposures referred to in this paragraph);
"(iv) diesel fuel, jet fuel, and other hydrocarbon-based fuels; and
"(v) occupational hazards, including battlefield hazards; and
"(C) repeated exposures to the agent, or some combination of one or more exposures to the agent and other dangerous exposures referred to in subparagraph (B), over time.
"(2) To provide for-
"(A) the prevention of and protection against, and the detection (including confirmation) of, exposures to a chemical warfare agent (whether intentional or inadvertent) at levels that, even if not sufficient to endanger health immediately, are greater than the level that is recognized under Department of Defense policies as being the maximum safe level of exposure to that agent for the general population; and
"(B) the recording, reporting, coordinating, and retaining of information on possible exposures described in subparagraph (A), including the monitoring of the health effects of exposures on humans and animals, environmental effects, and ecological effects, and the documenting and reporting of those effects specifically by location.
"(3) To provide solutions for the concerns and mission requirements that are specifically applicable for one or more of the Armed Forces in a protracted conflict when exposures to chemical agents could be complex, dynamic, and occurring over an extended period.
"(c)
"(d)
"(1) Each modification of chemical warfare defense policy and doctrine resulting from the review.
"(2) Any recommended legislation regarding chemical warfare defense.
"(3) The plan for the research program."
Study of Facility for Training and Evaluation of Chemical or Biological Weapons Response Personnel
"(1)
"(A) the threat of the use of chemical and biological weapons by Third World countries and by terrorist organizations has increased in recent years and is now a problem of worldwide significance;
"(B) the military and law enforcement agencies in the United States that are responsible for responding to the use of such weapons require additional testing, training, and evaluation facilities to ensure that the personnel of such agencies discharge their responsibilities effectively; and
"(C) a facility that recreates urban and suburban locations would provide an especially effective environment in which to test, train, and evaluate such personnel for that purpose.
"(2)
"(A)
"(B)
"(i) facilities common to urban environments (including a multistory building and an underground rail transit system) and to suburban environments;
"(ii) the capacity to produce controllable releases of chemical and biological agents from a variety of urban and suburban structures, including laboratories, small buildings, and dwellings;
"(iii) the capacity to produce controllable releases of chemical and biological agents into sewage, water, and air management systems common to urban areas and suburban areas;
"(iv) chemical and biocontaminant facilities at the P3 and P4 levels;
"(v) the capacity to test and evaluate the effectiveness of a variety of protective clothing and facilities and survival techniques in urban areas and suburban areas; and
"(vi) the capacity to test and evaluate the effectiveness of variable sensor arrays (including video, audio, meteorological, chemical, and biosensor arrays) in urban areas and suburban areas.
"(C)
"(i) be under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Defense; and
"(ii) be located at a principal facility of the Department of Defense for the testing and evaluation of the use of chemical and biological weapons during any period of armed conflict."
Consolidation of Chemical and Biological Defense Training Activities
Sense of Congress Concerning Federal Emergency Planning for Response to Terrorist Threats
"(1) potential terrorist use of chemical or biological agents or weapons; and
"(2) emergencies or natural disasters involving industrial chemicals or the widespread outbreak of disease."